GD&T Reference
GD&T Reference
This page provides a comprehensive reference for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) used in technical drawings and mechanical design. Each symbol is categorized by its application, type of control, and rules regarding datums, size influence, and virtual conditions.
1. Form Controls
Form controls apply to individual features and do not require a datum. They define the shape of geometry.
| Characteristic | Symbol | Unicode | Of Size? | VC Affected? | Datum Ref? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Straightness | ─ | U+2014 | Yes | Yes | No |
| Flatness | ▭ | U+25AD | No | No | No |
| Circularity | ○ | U+25CB | No | No | No |
| Cylindricity | ⌭ | U+232D | No | No | No |
2. Profile Controls
Profile controls can apply to individual or related features and may reference a datum depending on control intent.
| Characteristic | Symbol | Unicode | Datum Required? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Profile of a Line | ∩ | U+2312 | Optional |
| Profile of a Surface | ⌒ | U+2313 | Optional |
3. Orientation Controls
These define angular relationships relative to a datum. They always require a datum reference and are affected by size and VC.
| Characteristic | Symbol | Unicode | Of Size? | VC Affected? | Datum Ref? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Perpendicularity | ⊥ | U+27C2 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Angularity | ∠ | U+2220 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Parallelism | ∥ | U+2225 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
4. Location Controls
Used to locate features relative to a datum. Includes position, symmetry, and concentricity.
| Characteristic | Symbol | Unicode | Of Size? | VC Affected? | Datum Ref? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Position | ⌖ | U+2316 | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Symmetry | ≑ | U+2241 | Yes | No | Yes |
| Concentricity | ◎ | U+25CE | No | No | Yes |
5. Runout Controls
Used to control circular or total runout for rotating components. Requires datum reference.
| Characteristic | Symbol | Unicode | Datum Ref? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Circular Runout | ⌴ | U+2334 | Yes |
| Total Runout | ⌵ | U+2335 | Yes |
Extra Notes
- VC: Virtual Condition, combines size limit and GD&T tolerance to define assembly limits.
- Bonus Tolerance: Additional tolerance gained with actual feature size reduction (e.g. MMC condition).
- Datum: Reference point, axis, or plane used for GD&T framework.
- Feature of Size: A dimensional feature like a hole or shaft that defines size-related tolerances.