Ehsan Roshani

GD&T Reference

GD&T Reference

This page provides a comprehensive reference for Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) used in technical drawings and mechanical design. Each symbol is categorized by its application, type of control, and rules regarding datums, size influence, and virtual conditions.

1. Form Controls

Form controls apply to individual features and do not require a datum. They define the shape of geometry.

Characteristic Symbol Unicode Of Size? VC Affected? Datum Ref?
StraightnessU+2014YesYesNo
FlatnessU+25ADNoNoNo
CircularityU+25CBNoNoNo
CylindricityU+232DNoNoNo

2. Profile Controls

Profile controls can apply to individual or related features and may reference a datum depending on control intent.

Characteristic Symbol Unicode Datum Required?
Profile of a LineU+2312Optional
Profile of a SurfaceU+2313Optional

3. Orientation Controls

These define angular relationships relative to a datum. They always require a datum reference and are affected by size and VC.

Characteristic Symbol Unicode Of Size? VC Affected? Datum Ref?
PerpendicularityU+27C2YesYesYes
AngularityU+2220YesYesYes
ParallelismU+2225YesYesYes

4. Location Controls

Used to locate features relative to a datum. Includes position, symmetry, and concentricity.

Characteristic Symbol Unicode Of Size? VC Affected? Datum Ref?
PositionU+2316YesYesYes
SymmetryU+2241YesNoYes
ConcentricityU+25CENoNoYes

5. Runout Controls

Used to control circular or total runout for rotating components. Requires datum reference.

Characteristic Symbol Unicode Datum Ref?
Circular RunoutU+2334Yes
Total RunoutU+2335Yes

Extra Notes

  • VC: Virtual Condition, combines size limit and GD&T tolerance to define assembly limits.
  • Bonus Tolerance: Additional tolerance gained with actual feature size reduction (e.g. MMC condition).
  • Datum: Reference point, axis, or plane used for GD&T framework.
  • Feature of Size: A dimensional feature like a hole or shaft that defines size-related tolerances.